An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece

An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece The time of Hellenistic Greece was the period when Greece language and culture spread all through the Mediterranean world. The third time of antiquated Greek history was the Hellenistic Age when the Greek language and culture spread all through the Mediterranean world. Regularly, history specialists start the Hellenistic Age with the passing of Alexander, whose domain spread from India to Africa, in 323 B.C. It follows the Classical Age and goes before the fuse of the Greek realm inside the Roman domain in 146 B.C. (31 B.C. or on the other hand the Battle of Actium for the Egyptian region). The Hellenistic settlements might be partitioned into five locales, as per and cited from The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, by Getzel M. Cohen: Greece, Macedonia, the Islands, and Asia Minor;Asia Minor west of the Tauros Mountains;Cilicia past the Tauros Mountains, Syria, and Phoenicia;Egypt;the areas past the Euphrates, i.e., Mesopotamia, the Iranian level, and focal Asia. Result of the Death of Alexander the Great A progression of wars denoted the period following Alexander’s passing in 323 B.C., including the Lamian Wars and the first and second Diadochi Wars, wherein Alexander’s adherents sued for his seat. In the long run, the realm was partitioned into three sections: Macedonia and Greece (controlled by Antigonus, organizer of the Antigonid tradition), the Near East (administered by Seleucus, author of the Seleucid line), and Egypt, where the general Ptolemy began the Ptolemid administration. The early Hellenistic Age likewise observed suffering accomplishments in human expressions and learning, in any case. The logicians Xeno and Epicurus established their philosophical schools, and apathy and Epicureanism are still with us today. In Athens, the mathematician Euclid started his school and turned into the author of present day geometry. Third Century B.C. The domain was affluent gratitude to the vanquished Persians. With this riches, building and other social projects were built up in every district. The most acclaimed of these was without a doubt the Library of Alexandria, established by Ptolemy I Soter in Egypt, accused of lodging the entirety of the world’s information. The library thrived under the Ptolemaic tradition and withstood a few debacles until it was eventually obliterated in the second century A.D. Another triumphalist building exertion was the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The 98-foot tall sculpture recognized the triumph of the island of Rhodes against the predations of Antigonus I Monopthalmus. Be that as it may, internecine clash proceeded, outstandingly through the Pyrrhic War among Rome and Epirus, the attack of Thrace by Celtic people groups, and the beginning of Roman conspicuousness in the locale. Second Century B.C. The finish of the Hellenistic Age was set apart by more prominent clash, as fights seethed among the Seleucids and among the Macedonians. The political shortcoming of the domain made it an obvious objective in the rising of Rome as a local force; by 149 B.C., Greece itself was a region of the Roman Empire. This was followed quite expeditiously by the ingestion of Corinth and Macedonia by Rome. By 31 B.C., with the triumph at Actium and the breakdown of Egypt, all of Alexander’s realm lay in Roman hands. Social Achievements of the Hellenistic Age While the way of life of antiquated Greece was spread East and West, the Greeks embraced components of eastern culture and religion, particularly Zoroastrianism and Mithraism. Upper room Greek turned into the most widely used language. Great logical developments were made in Alexandria where the Greek Eratosthenes processed the outline of the earth, Archimedes determined pi, and Euclid assembled his geometry text. In theory, Zeno and Epicurus established the ethical methods of reasoning of Stoicism and Epicureanism. In writing, New Comedy developed, as did the peaceful idyll type of verse related with Theocritus, and the individual life story, which went with a development in figure to speak to individuals as they were as opposed to as beliefs, in spite of the fact that there were exemptions in Greek model most outstandingly the terrible portrayals of Socrates, albeit even they may have been glorified, assuming adversely. Both Michael Grant and Moses Hadas talk about these masterful/true to life changes. See From Alexander to Cleopatra, by Michael Grant, and Hellenistic Literature, by Moses Hadas. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 17, (1963), pp. 21-35. Source Cohen, Getzel M. The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Greek Culture and Society Book 54, 1 Edition, Kindle Edition, University of California Press, June 2, 2013.

Children Life Essay

1.1 Mention the attributes and needs of kids that ought to be considered while choosing reasonable writing. Feelings: Recognizable proof: A youngster must have the option to relate to the story. Satisfaction: They should have the option to appreciate the story. Moderate feeling: should give some feeling. Security: Child should have a sense of security. Scholarly Abilities: The story must be coherent (however much as could be expected) it ought to likewise be efficient and reliable. It is all the more persuading when composed from child’s perspective. Regulating advancement: Ought to be founded on common inclination for values, with no genuine and clear lecturing. 1.2 What is the estimation of media in recounting to a story? Notice five (5) focuses. Can improve the youthful child’s visual education †for example †red light methods stop. Can improve visual aptitudes †Acquires the ability of Depth discernment. Will help accomplish a superior comprehension of new ideas †pictures are a portrayal of the real world; give an extension between the genuine portrayal of something and its theoretical picture. Can animate kids to utilize innovative language †can let them examine intriguing parts of a delineation. Can propel the perusing availability of the kid. †they have to make fine separations and to decipher a progression of images so as to peruse and spell. 1.3 Explain how a child’s language advancement can be improved by recounting and understanding stories. Rundown your focuses. Extending jargon Improving oral Language Utilizing Creative Language Making a longing to peruse Listening abilities 1.4 How does verse encourage improvement in small kids? Allude to four (4) occurrences. Can be utilized to assist the child’s complete turn of events Scholarly Cognizant Enthusiastic Inventive 1.5 How does children’s writing advance scholarly turn of events? Mentionâ five (5) ways. In supporting their revelation and refinement of new ideas. Developing their capability in a scope of reasoning procedures. Encouraging their capacity to reason legitimately. Encouraging their basic reasoning. Acquainting them with critical thinking. Question 2 Examine the attributes of kids in the accompanying age gatherings and clarify how this impacts the decision of appropriate writing. 2.1 Babies 2.2 Children matured one to three years 2.3 Children matured four to five years 2.4 Children in grade R 2.5 Children in the Foundation Phase 2.6 Babies: 2.7 Characteristics 2.8 Influences of reasonable Literature They are caught up with finding their general surroundings. They need ceaseless redundancy of what they know and what is natural. Children can just focus on an action for a brief timeframe. It is fundamental for them to hear language. Basic pictures of items so they will remember them from their prompt condition. Very little subtleties in pictures, just one subject. They ought to sit on your lap so their requirement for physical contact can be met. Pages ought to be solid so they can't be harmed without any problem. Youngsters matured one (1) to three (3) years: Qualities Impacts of reasonable Literature Fast language advancement their jargon extends rapidly, sentences set up become progressively right and complete. Immensely keen on everything that occurs around them. Appreciate redundancy. Likes splendid, bright hues and pictures. Getting increasingly capable, can get something with their fingers. Starting to look into individuals, things and creatures that isn't a piece of regular daily existence. Picture books from child years still top choices. Picture books would now be able to have subjects outside prompt condition. Pictures ought to be brilliant, merry hues and can incorporate a specific measure of detail. From 2 years, youngsters can appreciate straightforward story books. Appreciate straightforward stories incorporate a great deal of redundancy. Offspring of this age need to take a gander at book themselves †guarantee solid pages. Youngsters matured four (4) to five (5) years: Qualities Impacts of reasonable Literature Intrigue has expanded to incorporate more than themselves and condition. Enthusiasm for others. Can't recognize dream and reality. multi year old appreciate hilarious language, word games and words that speak to sound. Appreciate self-evident, senseless jokes and frequently act in rather senseless manners themselves. Love embellishment in any event, when disclosing to it themselves. Offspring of this age would now be able to sit unobtrusively and can focus for more. Appreciates tales about â€Å"unknown†. Subjects outside condition are flawlessly suitable. They appreciate and comprehend anecdotes about occasions that â€Å"could† occur, anyway impossible. Amusing stories, senseless and brimming with distortion. Stories/books about individuals, creatures and articles how to develop. They can take a gander at a book for a more extended timeframe, and can listen mindfully for more. Most loved accounts of 3 †4 along these lines appropriate for this age bunch †not for long. Kids in grade R Attributes Impacts of appropriate Literature This age takes into consideration expanding children’s comprehension of the word aroundâ them. 5 †multi year olds can recognize dream and reality. Inquisitive and anxious to learn. Appreciate new revelations and undertakings. multi year olds are not, at this point egocentric, and as of now have a progressively target perspective on themselves and their general surroundings. multi year olds start to check out no words and letters. multi year olds with bunches of presentation to books are sharp and fit to be acquainted with understanding exercises. 5 †6 appreciates dreams Like stories and books that pass on data in a straight forward manner. Straightforward experience stories and books are appropriate. Subjects manage less recognizable, for example, kids from different nations. Kids in the Foundation Phase Attributes Impacts of appropriate Literature Kids beginning school are beginning to peruse and step by step improve their acing of this expertise. At the point when they start school they have a decent handle of the distinction among dream and reality †of what can occur. Expanding dependable acknowledgment of good and bad, and they start to communicate their own judgment of good and bad. Companions become critical and have a gigantic impact on what a youngster wishes to do. Youngsters build up an enthusiasm for leisure activities †especially in things they themselves can make or do. Stories with basic content that they can peruse. Appreciate dream stories, especially those that are exaggeratedly â€Å"marvelous† (Roald Dahl) Books including graphic language are likewise agreeable, their accounts must contain bounty activity. Appreciate stories that show them how to make things, for example, cook books. Silly books.

Coping With Social Anxiety The Best Self-Help Strategies

Coping With Social Anxiety The Best Self-Help Strategies Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Living With Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 12, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Coping Emotional Coping Day-to-Day Strategies Mistakes to Avoid View All Social anxiety disorder (SAD) help can come in many forms. Although treatment is available and effective for SAD, it is estimated that only 25 percent of people with the disorder ever receive treatment.?? While not a substitute for professional treatment, for those that may otherwise receive no help, self-help is a good starting point. The self-help strategies for social anxiety disorder outlined below can be used at home to overcome your symptoms. Social Coping Identifying social skills that could use a bit of work and then focusing on improving them could help cope with the thoughts and emotions that come with social anxiety disorder. Assertiveness Many people with social anxiety disorder lack assertiveness and can benefit from learning to become more assertive through self-help strategies.?? Practice becoming more assertive by communicating your needs in a calm and relaxed way that respects the needs of others. Usually, this takes the form of I statements?? such as I feel hurt when you dont respond to my phone calls. Learning to say no is also an important part of being assertive?? and a skill that most people with social anxiety struggle with. How to Be More Assertive When You Have SAD Nonverbal Communication Improving your nonverbal communication skills is another area in which you can employ self-help strategies if you live with social anxiety. Most people with social anxiety tend to adopt a closed-off stance; you may do this without even realizing it. Learning how to have a relaxed posture (e.g. hands at your sides, good eye contact) encourages others to respond positively to you and makes you appear more approachable. Developing body confidence in this way will help you to become more confident in social interactions. 10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be Making Verbal Communication In addition to adopting a relaxed body posture, knowing how to start conversations, keep them going, and listen attentively are skills that you can develop through self-help strategies. As an example, one quick tip for joining a group of people in conversation is to listen first and then make a comment about what they are already talking about. For example, Are you talking about the election results? I couldnt believe them either. Expose yourself to as many opportunities as possible to develop your verbal communication abilities. Practice being a good listener, asking open-ended questions, and sharing stories about yourself so that others can get to know you better. How to Have a Conversation More Easily When You Have SAD Telling Others About Your Social Anxiety Its likely your closest family and friends already have an idea of your social anxiety. If you want to tell someone specific, send a message that there is something youd like to share and arrange a time at a quiet place to talk. If you feel too nervous to explain your situation, write down a summary of what youve been feeling. Its best to share your symptoms so that the other person can gain an understanding of what you are going through. Remember that social anxiety disorder is still a little-understood condition and others may need some help to understand. Emotional Coping Fear and negative thoughts are two of the most common emotions when you have social anxiety. A few simple strategies can help you overcome them. Deep Breathing Having social anxiety  means that you probably have strong emotional reactions in social situations. One way to reduce these anxious reactions is for your body to be in a relaxed state. When your body is relaxed, your breathing is slow and natural, and your mind is free of negative thoughts, making it easier to enjoy being with others. You probably breathe too quickly in anxiety-provoking situations, which in turn makes your other anxiety symptoms worse. Below are some steps to manage your anxious and shallow breathing. How to Practice Deep Breathing Count the number of breaths that you take in one minute (count an inhale and exhale as one). Make a note of this number. The average person will take 10 to 12 breaths per minute.Focus on your breathing. Inhale and exhale through your nose. Take deep breaths from your diaphragm instead of shallow breaths from your chest. Inhale for 3 seconds and exhale for 3 seconds (use a watch or clock with a second hand). As you exhale, think “relax” and release tension in your muscles. Continue breathing this way for 5 minutes.Count your breaths per minute again and see if the number has gone down.Practice this breathing technique 4 times per day when you are already relaxed. When in social situations, make sure that you are breathing the way that you practiced. In time, this way of breathing will become automatic.?? Reducing Negative Thinking If you live with social anxiety, you probably misinterpret comments or facial expressions made by other people, which contributes to your emotional reactions.?? In particular, there are two common thought patterns that can contribute to your anxiety. Mindreading: You assume that you know what other people are thinking about you (e.g. Everyone can see how anxious I am.).Personalizing: You assume that the behaviors of others are related to you (e.g. He looks bored, I shouldn’t have invited him to this movie.). The thoughts that you have are so automatic that you probably don’t even realize you are thinking them. Below are some steps to better managing your negative thoughts. How to Reduce Negative Thoughts Think back to a recent social situation in which you felt anxious. Write down what your negative thoughts were before, during, and after the situation.Ask yourself questions to challenge your negative thoughts. For example, if your negative automatic thought was People are yawning, they must think that I am boring, ask yourself Could there be a different explanation? In this case, your alternative thought could be It probably had nothing to do with me, they were just tired.Try to notice the automatic negative thoughts that you have before, during, and after feared social situations, and challenge them with alternatives. How to Stop Thinking Bad Thoughts and Get Over Your Social Anxiety Facing Your Fears Avoiding feared situations may reduce your emotional reactions in the short term, but in the long term, it severely limits your life. In addition, the number of situations that you fear grows as your fear becomes more general. On the other hand, gradual exposure to social situations will help to reduce the anxiety and emotional reactions that you associate with them. Below are some strategies to overcome avoidance. Identify the top 10 situations that you avoid.For each situation on the list, break it  down into a series of steps, increasing in difficulty. For example, if you are afraid of being the center of attention, your steps might look like this:Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you know well.Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you don’t know well.Voice your true opinion to a group of friends.Voice your true opinion to a group of strangers.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you know well.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you dont know well.Practice each step as much as you need to before moving on to the next. If you notice anxiety, challenge your negative thinking and use the slow breathing technique to relax. Note that the specific list you create will depend on your fears. For example, you might feel more afraid of speaking in front of people you know well versus a crowd of strangers. In this case, you would reverse items on the list. Day-to-Day Strategies Below are some tips to help you cope with social anxiety on a day-to-day basis, such as while at work or attending school. Tell your employer so that you can receive accommodations or supports in the workplace.Arrive to meetings early so you can meet people one-by-one as they arrive.Make a list of questions to ask your teacher or supervisor and start with the least anxiety-provoking ones.Keep up on current events so that you will be able to participate in small talk.Avoid using alcohol to overcome inhibitions.Choose a job for which you have passion so that even the most challenging aspects of work in terms of your social anxiety will seem worth it.Make new friends by greeting people, giving compliments, and starting brief conversations.Get regular exercise, eat healthy food, and avoid caffeine and sugar to reduce your anxiety. Mistakes to Avoid There are a number of common mistakes that people make when trying to overcome social anxiety through self-help strategies. Avoiding these mistakes will ensure that you arent making things worse. Never try to control your anxiety. The more you see it as something awful that needs to be eliminated, the more focused you will be on it and the harder it will be to reduce.Dont focus on being perfect. Instead, focus on accepting worst-case scenarios and then work backward from there.Never accept social anxiety as a personality trait. While you might be an introvert or have a tendency to be shy, social anxiety disorder is a mental health issue that does not define who you are. It is possible to overcome your anxiety and live a fulfilling life.While there is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of marijuana, may be helpful for social anxiety, there are also risks associated with its use.?? Be sure to carefully balance any risks and benefits when considering using this as a coping strategy. Dont wait too long to seek help from a mental health professional. While it can be tempting to think you can solve this all on your own, often people need therapy or medication to successfully manage social anxiety. A Word From Verywell Over time, as you practice relaxation, challenge negative thoughts, and face feared situations, you will find it easier to stay anxiety-free in stressful situations. This should help to relieve your social anxiety. However, if you still face severe anxiety on a daily basis, it is important to consult your doctor or a mental health professional, as traditional treatment such as medication or cognitive-behavioral therapy may be advisable. How to Recognize Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Teens Coping With Social Anxiety The Best Self-Help Strategies Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Living With Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 12, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Coping Emotional Coping Day-to-Day Strategies Mistakes to Avoid View All Social anxiety disorder (SAD) help can come in many forms. Although treatment is available and effective for SAD, it is estimated that only 25 percent of people with the disorder ever receive treatment.?? While not a substitute for professional treatment, for those that may otherwise receive no help, self-help is a good starting point. The self-help strategies for social anxiety disorder outlined below can be used at home to overcome your symptoms. Social Coping Identifying social skills that could use a bit of work and then focusing on improving them could help cope with the thoughts and emotions that come with social anxiety disorder. Assertiveness Many people with social anxiety disorder lack assertiveness and can benefit from learning to become more assertive through self-help strategies.?? Practice becoming more assertive by communicating your needs in a calm and relaxed way that respects the needs of others. Usually, this takes the form of I statements?? such as I feel hurt when you dont respond to my phone calls. Learning to say no is also an important part of being assertive?? and a skill that most people with social anxiety struggle with. How to Be More Assertive When You Have SAD Nonverbal Communication Improving your nonverbal communication skills is another area in which you can employ self-help strategies if you live with social anxiety. Most people with social anxiety tend to adopt a closed-off stance; you may do this without even realizing it. Learning how to have a relaxed posture (e.g. hands at your sides, good eye contact) encourages others to respond positively to you and makes you appear more approachable. Developing body confidence in this way will help you to become more confident in social interactions. 10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be Making Verbal Communication In addition to adopting a relaxed body posture, knowing how to start conversations, keep them going, and listen attentively are skills that you can develop through self-help strategies. As an example, one quick tip for joining a group of people in conversation is to listen first and then make a comment about what they are already talking about. For example, Are you talking about the election results? I couldnt believe them either. Expose yourself to as many opportunities as possible to develop your verbal communication abilities. Practice being a good listener, asking open-ended questions, and sharing stories about yourself so that others can get to know you better. How to Have a Conversation More Easily When You Have SAD Telling Others About Your Social Anxiety Its likely your closest family and friends already have an idea of your social anxiety. If you want to tell someone specific, send a message that there is something youd like to share and arrange a time at a quiet place to talk. If you feel too nervous to explain your situation, write down a summary of what youve been feeling. Its best to share your symptoms so that the other person can gain an understanding of what you are going through. Remember that social anxiety disorder is still a little-understood condition and others may need some help to understand. Emotional Coping Fear and negative thoughts are two of the most common emotions when you have social anxiety. A few simple strategies can help you overcome them. Deep Breathing Having social anxiety  means that you probably have strong emotional reactions in social situations. One way to reduce these anxious reactions is for your body to be in a relaxed state. When your body is relaxed, your breathing is slow and natural, and your mind is free of negative thoughts, making it easier to enjoy being with others. You probably breathe too quickly in anxiety-provoking situations, which in turn makes your other anxiety symptoms worse. Below are some steps to manage your anxious and shallow breathing. How to Practice Deep Breathing Count the number of breaths that you take in one minute (count an inhale and exhale as one). Make a note of this number. The average person will take 10 to 12 breaths per minute.Focus on your breathing. Inhale and exhale through your nose. Take deep breaths from your diaphragm instead of shallow breaths from your chest. Inhale for 3 seconds and exhale for 3 seconds (use a watch or clock with a second hand). As you exhale, think “relax” and release tension in your muscles. Continue breathing this way for 5 minutes.Count your breaths per minute again and see if the number has gone down.Practice this breathing technique 4 times per day when you are already relaxed. When in social situations, make sure that you are breathing the way that you practiced. In time, this way of breathing will become automatic.?? Reducing Negative Thinking If you live with social anxiety, you probably misinterpret comments or facial expressions made by other people, which contributes to your emotional reactions.?? In particular, there are two common thought patterns that can contribute to your anxiety. Mindreading: You assume that you know what other people are thinking about you (e.g. Everyone can see how anxious I am.).Personalizing: You assume that the behaviors of others are related to you (e.g. He looks bored, I shouldn’t have invited him to this movie.). The thoughts that you have are so automatic that you probably don’t even realize you are thinking them. Below are some steps to better managing your negative thoughts. How to Reduce Negative Thoughts Think back to a recent social situation in which you felt anxious. Write down what your negative thoughts were before, during, and after the situation.Ask yourself questions to challenge your negative thoughts. For example, if your negative automatic thought was People are yawning, they must think that I am boring, ask yourself Could there be a different explanation? In this case, your alternative thought could be It probably had nothing to do with me, they were just tired.Try to notice the automatic negative thoughts that you have before, during, and after feared social situations, and challenge them with alternatives. How to Stop Thinking Bad Thoughts and Get Over Your Social Anxiety Facing Your Fears Avoiding feared situations may reduce your emotional reactions in the short term, but in the long term, it severely limits your life. In addition, the number of situations that you fear grows as your fear becomes more general. On the other hand, gradual exposure to social situations will help to reduce the anxiety and emotional reactions that you associate with them. Below are some strategies to overcome avoidance. Identify the top 10 situations that you avoid.For each situation on the list, break it  down into a series of steps, increasing in difficulty. For example, if you are afraid of being the center of attention, your steps might look like this:Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you know well.Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you don’t know well.Voice your true opinion to a group of friends.Voice your true opinion to a group of strangers.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you know well.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you dont know well.Practice each step as much as you need to before moving on to the next. If you notice anxiety, challenge your negative thinking and use the slow breathing technique to relax. Note that the specific list you create will depend on your fears. For example, you might feel more afraid of speaking in front of people you know well versus a crowd of strangers. In this case, you would reverse items on the list. Day-to-Day Strategies Below are some tips to help you cope with social anxiety on a day-to-day basis, such as while at work or attending school. Tell your employer so that you can receive accommodations or supports in the workplace.Arrive to meetings early so you can meet people one-by-one as they arrive.Make a list of questions to ask your teacher or supervisor and start with the least anxiety-provoking ones.Keep up on current events so that you will be able to participate in small talk.Avoid using alcohol to overcome inhibitions.Choose a job for which you have passion so that even the most challenging aspects of work in terms of your social anxiety will seem worth it.Make new friends by greeting people, giving compliments, and starting brief conversations.Get regular exercise, eat healthy food, and avoid caffeine and sugar to reduce your anxiety. Mistakes to Avoid There are a number of common mistakes that people make when trying to overcome social anxiety through self-help strategies. Avoiding these mistakes will ensure that you arent making things worse. Never try to control your anxiety. The more you see it as something awful that needs to be eliminated, the more focused you will be on it and the harder it will be to reduce.Dont focus on being perfect. Instead, focus on accepting worst-case scenarios and then work backward from there.Never accept social anxiety as a personality trait. While you might be an introvert or have a tendency to be shy, social anxiety disorder is a mental health issue that does not define who you are. It is possible to overcome your anxiety and live a fulfilling life.While there is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of marijuana, may be helpful for social anxiety, there are also risks associated with its use.?? Be sure to carefully balance any risks and benefits when considering using this as a coping strategy. Dont wait too long to seek help from a mental health professional. While it can be tempting to think you can solve this all on your own, often people need therapy or medication to successfully manage social anxiety. A Word From Verywell Over time, as you practice relaxation, challenge negative thoughts, and face feared situations, you will find it easier to stay anxiety-free in stressful situations. This should help to relieve your social anxiety. However, if you still face severe anxiety on a daily basis, it is important to consult your doctor or a mental health professional, as traditional treatment such as medication or cognitive-behavioral therapy may be advisable. How to Recognize Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Teens

Life Changing Experience Essay - 566 Words

Life Changing Experience About one year ago I had a life changing experience, a trip to a little town called Kerry on the outskirts of Dublin, Ireland. It was the most beautiful place that I have ever seen. Being in the presence of such beauty helped me see life from a different perspective. I was just going to be happy, appreciate what I have, be open-minded, not take anything for granted, and love everyone and everything. When I came back from Ireland I was truly happy, nothing could make me upset. But after awhile my constant elation came to a gradual end, but I was soon to find that even though my elation ended I was going to be a happy, loving, and open-minded person forever. And there was everyday influences like†¦show more content†¦Someone doesn’t die for something they don’t appreciate. When I think about those movies I am really happy, because I am lucky, free, and free to seize any opportunity that comes my way. Art also reminds me of my happiness, a single piece of art work can capture a moment of emotion or feeling. Artists like Claude Monet really capture emotion well, in the painting, â€Å"The Stroll: Camille Monet†, Monet painted Camille standing in the middle of a field, it sounds simple. But Monet did such a good job that there seems to be more, there is emotion. That is what makes art special, emotion, and that I can have my own thoughts about what the artist is trying to say through their painting. In the Edward Hopper painting, â€Å"Route 6† there is a real warm feeling coming from it. That warm feeling is one of the best emotions that I have experienced, the only other time I get that feeling is when nature is at it’s best (sunsets, sunrises, grassy fields, ect.). That brings me to the artist Liz Sexton, her paintings of nature are some of the most beautiful, natural, and unique pieces of art that I have ever seen. I think that I am on of the luckiest people in the world to be able to appreciate this artistic beauty, that in its self makes me a happy person. The most important influence in myShow MoreRelatedLife Changing Experience886 Words   |  4 PagesA Wonderful Life Changing Experience Kimberly Manuel American InterContinental University Life Changing 2 Abstract This essay is a major part of my life, and it means the world to me. So I want to share my experience of me getting married and/or being married. I will be informative with how it came to where I am today of being married and how I have learned from prior mistakes that was made in my life. And I will also tell how our love for eachRead MoreLife Changing Experience Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pages My life changing experience all began on June 3, 2014 when I was a Freshman in high school and things weren’t going the best. Struggles through high school are very common but for me I dealt with things I couldn’t even handle. 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I went through this because four nights previous I had raved it up at a party smoking a copious amount of weed. This I consider to be my life changing experience. Generally speaking Ive always been a good kid with high morals and couldntRead MoreBuddhisms Life Changing Experience1876 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism Buddhism is a life changing experience that can help people change their life for the better as it creates a happier and healthier environment. By the end of this summer I will have been a Buddhist for over four years now and I can honestly say that it has made a huge impact on my life. I have become a less stressed and more relaxed person from applying the Dharma basic principles to my everyday routine. Dharma has helped me create my own enlightenment path to eliminating my anger and transgressionRead MoreEssay on A Life Changing Experience984 Words   |  4 Pages First day of the rest of my life, my stomach is in knots and I can’t seem to do anything with my hair. 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For me, it was on October 20th, 2015Read More Divorce is a Life Changing Experience Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pages Divorce: a personal life changing experience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With this ring I thee wed†¦. For better or worse, for richer or poorer†¦. Traditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have childrenRead MoreCollege Is A Life Changing Experience For Students1334 Words   |  6 PagesStudents Should Live in Dorms College is a life changing experience for students. College is a new environment for most students and comes with lots of challenges. Things such as the increased difficulty of academic work and not being around the same social groups as a student was before college can make the transition very difficult. One of the best things a student can do to help with this transition is to live in a campus residence hall. Students should live in dorms because of the community

Teacher Merit Pay Essay example - 1484 Words

July 21, 2011 Merit or Mistake In today’s society one of the most important factors in selecting a career field is rate of pay. No matter whether the profession maybe, the dollar figure must be within a range that allows the employee to maintain a substantial lifestyle. The debate of teacher pay scales has raged on for years. Many argue that the current pay scale for teachers is a scale which rewards teachers merely for seniority. They argue that the current pay scale overlooks those educators which demonstrate exceptional performance. Teacher merit pay systems have been the most popular suggestions made to remedy the problems seen with the current pay scale. Although the current pay scale may not be completely effective, the idea of†¦show more content†¦Hess. Merit pay systems create unhealthy competition between educators which should be working together to ensure that the best possible educational is being given to every student. If one observes an effective educational institution in operation, one will notice those institutions that are highly rated are essentially partnerships between various educators with various teaching styles and personalities teaming together to impart wisdom on young minds primed for educational molding. The general concept behind merit pay systems makes this type of partnership unattainable. In an article published in Education Week Kim Marshall stated that â€Å"When individuals are rewarded, collaboration suffers†. Educators become more concerned with outperforming their counter parts to gain pay raises then working together to educate young minds. Those who are in favor of teacher merit pay systems feel as though the use of this system can eliminate the possibility of seniority outweighing high performance. They believe that those teachers in merit pay systems would be made to perform better in the classroom and demonstrate great teaching skills. Although there is some truth to this idea, it should not be accepted in the argument of teacher merit pay. In the Christian Science Monitor Reg Weaver stated merit pay systems would warrant â€Å"an adherence to some type of evaluative standard â€Å" This means that teacher evaluations would consists mainly of the scores fromShow MoreRelatedEssay about Exploring the Possibility of Merit Pay for Teachers1277 Words   |  6 Pagesto award merit pay to teachers in an attempt to obtain and retain effective teachers as measured by student academic achievement. These proposals are supported by budgeted funding for the 2011 fiscal year with additional funding included in the optional, c ompetitive 1.35 billion Race to the Top Fund. A number of different merit pay systems exist. Some reward entire schools or districts when passing rates on standardized tests are achieved, while others reward individual teachers for passingRead MoreMerit Pay For Teachers And Teachers1327 Words   |  6 Pages Merit Pay for Teachers President Barack Obama said in a recent speech that â€Å"The future belongs to the nation that best educates its citizens †¦ It is time to give all Americans a complete and competitive education† (Stout). His first point has become evident over time. The nations that best educate their children will have power in the future. He also mentions giving Americans a competitive education. This is referring to implementing a form of merit pay for teachers; paying bonuses to a teachers’Read MoreThe Merits Of Teacher Performance Pay3187 Words   |  13 PagesTHE MERITS OF TEACHER PERFORMANCE PAY IN KENYA Introduction This paper discusses the merits of performance pay for teachers in Kenya. I argued here that remuneration reforms for civil service teachers will achieve production efficiency. This paper has three main sections. Section 1 gives a brief description of the scheme of service for teachers in Kenya. Section 2 highlights the economic case in favour of teacher salaries and identifies the government failures in ensuring teacher effectiveness.Read MoreBenefits And Disadvantages Of Performance Related Pay1808 Words   |  8 PagesQuestion 15: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of performance related pay. To what extent should it be a model of remuneration for employees across all pay scales? OUTLINE I. Introduction 1. General information 2. Thesis: Addressing two main parts II. Body 1. Advantages and disadvantages of performance related pay a. Advantages - Working as a motivator (e.g. sales personnel) - Improve workforce productivity - Attract and keep employees, especially high-quality workers (E.g. executives)Read MoreMerit Pay at Carroll University - Winners Take All Essay5093 Words   |  21 Pages[Type the company name] | Merit Pay at Carroll Universiy | Should the Winners Take All? | | | 11/19/2010 | | Introduction: Performance related pay in academia, in particular merit pay, is often a source of controversy. As cited in Value-Related Issues in a Departmental Merit Pay, a faculty-designed merit pay plan is defined as â€Å"a process that may produce a pay increase for university faculty who perform a variety of worthwhile work activities according to the practices, policiesRead MoreModule 7 Action Inquiry Essay Merit Pay1459 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: ACTION INQUIRY RESEARCH PAPER- MERIT PAY Action Inquiry Research Paper- School Finance Jennifer Ponton Grand Canyon EDA 535 July 01, 2012 Action Inquiry Research Paper- School Finance Statement of the Problem This past spring thousands of teachers protested at the Louisiana State Capital to prevent Louisiana lawmakers from passing an educational reform bill proposed by Governor Bobby Jindall that would change the face of public education in Louisiana forever. ManyRead MoreBusting Unions For Fighting Reform Policies784 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch of his energy in attacking the power of the teacher unions. He claims that teachers unions are the heart of the problem when it comes to organization and reform (Moe, 2011, p. 20). While Moe claims the NEA (National Education Association) and the AFT (American Federation of Teachers) have historically lobbied against many reform programs, including voucher programs, charter schools, and merit pay programs, there is also evidence where teachers’ unions have supported new reforms. They have introducedRead MoreBenefits Of Merit Pay System945 Words   |  4 PagesTeachers have an important role in shaping the kids of our future, to which they are not given enough credit for. Compared to how much teachers give, they are not given the amount of recognition and reward they truly deserve. Teachers are paid solely based on how many years they have been working and their credentials. Because of this, the teaching profession may not be of interest or is undermined by other professions: â€Å"A January report revealed that relatively low pay, high turnover rates thatRead MoreThe Human Resource Administrative Procedures1595 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships are created; and the development and utilization of existing human qualities (Brimley Garfield, 2012). Currently, the MSBSD struggles in recruiting and maintaining teachers in the areas of music, science, and special education. Hence, the MSBSD has aggressively been forced to recruit and attend teacher job fairs in the Lower 48. Last year alone, principals, district office administrators, and human resource personnel attended job fairs in the following states: Washington, Oregon,Read MoreMerit Pay Demise Essay examples1124 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding merit pay for teachers has existed for decades in many countries across the globe. The debate has been particularly heated in the United States. Since the 1920s, public schools began awarding pay mostly according to title, and seniority rather than merit. Numerous attempts have been made to introduce merit pay systems throughout this period, but it never gained widespread popularity on a national level. Now, however, political leaders such as Barack Obama have supported merit pay for teachers

The Defined versus The Definers Essay - 585 Words

In Beloved, Toni Morrison imbeds novel characters like Sethe to emphasize her claim that you cannot define yourself until you challenge your past and take ownership of it. Not every character complies with Morrison’s claim, some defy it and let others define them. Sethe struggles to face the true and honest past, yet finds minute moments of a felt sense of ownership. Sethe’s struggle to find her self ownership blooms from her past at Sweet Home. She was young when she first came to Sweet Home the â€Å"six men† treated her with a â€Å"mild brotherly flirtation†. Under the care of Mr. and Mrs. Garner, Sethe was well taken care of. When it was time for her to marry Mrs. Garner said it was â€Å"alright† and Halle would be â€Å"good to her†. Here Sethe has†¦show more content†¦Sethe right then and there knew and had defined her own meaning of love. To her creating something that couldn’t be â€Å"[taken] back† was love. Sethe did the only thing she could do, kill Beloved. She had not yet faced her past and was not ready for any daughter of hers to face it either. Although Sethe finds the strength to save her family from a past which was filled with horrible behavior, she still has yet to find the ownership of herself. Sethe’s struggle has shown to be no common one. Through her actions as a parent and actions not under her control, Sethe has seen sights that many others like her have witnessed. Yet in the end, Sethe finally starts to realize that confronting her past is the best thing for her. Sethe’s physical health deteriorates at the end of the novel, leaving Denver alone to take care of her. In the last pages Paul D, a dear friend, stops at 124 and vows to take care of Sethe during the night. Sethe knows this is her final battle, but she doesn’t go without letting go of her strings. Strings attached to Denver, Beloved, and even Paul D. Sethe’s tired, but still holds on to that far fetched idea the her kids are her â€Å"best thing†. Paul D knows the importance of Sethe’s sense of ownership and tells her â€Å"You your best thing, Sethe. You are.†. Sethe finally looked back and challenged that unforgettable past with â€Å"Me†. Morrison and Sethe’s views on ownership areShow MoreRelated Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved - Misuse of Language800 Words   |  4 Pagesoppressed black people, providing channels for the expression of ideas, thoughts, and memories. nbsp; Such was the case in the American culture of the mid 1800s as depicted in Beloved because of the gap in the social status and power of black versus white Americans. The language of the whites was not able to effectively communicate the thoughts of all and was used many times as a method of coercion. Largely, I am referring to oral and written communication. Oral communication done by whites inRead MoreHow Did Feminism Become A National?1817 Words   |  8 Pages it is just a short conceptual jump to tagging feminism as bad when contrasted against the good masculine norm in this society. Rakow notes, Journalists are taught to think in terms of dichotomies, to develop their stories of right versus wrong, good versus evil. The journalistic obsession with a narrow corridor in an abstract space called balance continues to build this kind of false opposition.† Most journalists place great stock in their ability to maintain objectivity. On the surfaceRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of A Brand Community1800 Words   |  8 Pagescharacterized by allegiance to brands as symbols. The manner in which brand communities are a distinct form of symbolic manifestation has not been adequately understood. So brand communities have not always been properly classified. Many analysts have defined brand communities.O’Reilly has differentiated brand communities from consumer tribes. According to Cova, Consumer tribes are not united by the brand but by the passion or emotional tie that concerns the act of consumption. Muniz and O’Guinn statesRead MoreCustomer Stratification And The Distribution Network Of The Oil Country Tubular Goods ( Octg ) Division2900 Words   |  12 Pagesthe outline of customer stratification and its components are explained. Next, data is drawn from each distributor and discussed. Additionally, the measures and steps followed in validating the various scales and rationale are presented. Finally, a defined look at best practices for an improved path forward regarding distributor contribution to gross profit margin and how to best utilize the sales force for overall EBITDA improvement. This study was conducted among the TMK IPSCO oil country tubularRead MoreSocial Construction of Race1867 Words   |  8 Pagesit depicts the Corleone family an Italian-American Catholic family who is in the mob. Throughout the film series the audiences see the nuances of the Italian-American versus other white people. Religion for Jewish, Irish and Italian-Americans since the latter half of the 20th century is just a facet of ethnicity and less a definer of race; this is especially true for Jewish-Americans. Religion is the one thing most African-Americans had in common with much of white Americans. After being broughtRead MoreKant and Equality7623 Words   |  31 Pagesone s duty? Kant answers that we do our moral duty when our motive is determined by a principle recognized by reason rather than the desire for any expected consequence or emotional feeling which may cause us to act the way we do. The will is defined as that which provides the motives for our actions. Obviously many times we are motivated by specific desires or emotions. I may act the way I do from a feeling of friendship for a particular individual, or from desire for a particular consequenceRead MoreEmergency Management Essay18946 Words   |  76 PagesPrince’s (1920) study of an explosion in Halifax, Nova Scotia was the first modern piece of disaster research, but it was twelve years later that Carr (1932) made the first attempt at a formal definition of disaster. Presently, disaster is commonly defined as a nonroutine event in time and space, producing human, property, or environmental damage, whose remediation requires the use of resources from outside the directly affected communit y. This definition captures the two features that are minimally

Fusion Architectures and Algorithms †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Fusion Architectures and Algorithms. Answer: Introduction: Target tracking is the matter of concern for the current era as it is helpful to detect and monitor the motion of mobile targets. The sensor nodes consist of intelligence, where data can be processes while it flows across the network. Sensor networks comprise of current technologies such as power supply sub-system, sensing subsystem, a communication subsystem and computing subsystem. Target tracking is an application of WSN where sensor nodes control and report positions of moving elements of users with minimum latency. Thus it develops communication, production and quality of life [8]. It saves more lives, fuel, energies, resources and money though its real-life implementations in battlefield surveillance, gas leakage, wildlife monitoring, fire spread and detection of illegal border-crossing. Arnold, Shaw and Pasternack (2008) showed that open researches for applications of target tracking include dealing with varying speeds and direction changes of moving of moving objects. Further, the technology is useful to recover energy effective missing target track, comparison of the performance of dynamic and target track [9] [12]. Moreover, it is useful to find a relationship between consumption of energy with forming cluster and tracking, provisioning and predicting accuracy [4]. Target tracking is also applicable foe designing well organized nominal and computing transmission of messages instead of degradation of performance since transmission of message consumes lots of energy as discussed by Li and Jilkov (2003). Lastly, the sensor nodes are helpful for fault detection. As seen from the above approaches, it can be deduced that energy conservation maximizes the network lifetime and is addressed via effective, dependable wireless communication [3] [14]. Hence, Blackman (2004) highlighted the presence of intelligent placement of sensors for gaining sufficient coverage, security and smart storage management [10] [13]. This is done through data compression and data aggregation. The approaches are meant for satisfying energy constraint and provide quality of service for those applications [6]. As per as reliable communications are concerned, Mazor (2007) reveals that services like packet-loss recovery, acknowledgements, active buffer monitoring and congestion control are needed to ensure guaranteed packet delivery [5]. However, energy consumption is a primary concern under target tracking protocols. Vermaak, Godsill and Perez (2005) analyzed that while the sensor nodes face energy depletion, it dies and gets disconnected from networks significantly affecting the application and the performance [15]. Some of the limitations reviewed by Bar-Shalom and Birmiwal (2002) and Zhang and Cao (2004) are listed hereafter [7] [11]. A lifetime of sensor networks depends on the number of active nodes and network connectivity of the net. Hence, energy should be utilized for maximizing the lifetime of the network. Further, it is unable to track targets smart as the number of goals become huge. Besides, target tracking needs modifications in real time. Detected object is larger than the actual size. Various holes are present in the results of detection. While the objects move slowly, the motion is unreliable. Huge blocks fail to match the real motion sequence. References: "Efficient target tracking using dynamic programming - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/249112/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Survey of maneuvering target tracking. Part I. Dynamic models - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1261132/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Multiple hypothesis tracking for multiple target tracking - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1263228/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Interacting multiple model methods in target tracking: a survey - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/640267/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Moving target classification and tracking from real-time video - IEEE Conference Publication",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/732851/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Variable Dimension Filter for Maneuvering Target Tracking - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4102704/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "DCTC: dynamic convoy tree-based collaboration for target tracking in sensor networks - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1343904/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Dynamic clustering for acoustic target tracking in wireless sensor networks - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1318595/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Survey of maneuvering target tracking. Part V. Multiple-model methods - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1561886/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Sequential Monte Carlo methods for multiple target tracking and data fusion - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/978386/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Stable multi-target tracking in real-time surveillance video - IEEE Conference Publication",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5995667/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "You'll never walk alone: Modeling social behavior for multi-target tracking - IEEE Conference Publication",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5459260/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Distributed fusion architectures and algorithms for target tracking - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/554211/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Observability of target tracking with bearings-only measurements - IEEE Journals Magazine",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/543868/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018]. "Multi-target tracking using joint probabilistic data association - IEEE Conference Publication",Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4046781/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].

Tennyson and optimism and despair Essay Example For Students

Tennyson and optimism and despair Essay I believe that Tennysons works do represent the different positions of optimism and despair. In The Lady of Shalott, she is hoping to get out of the castle, but she dies on the way down. In Ulysses, the two ideas are represented again, but through different ways. The lady in The Lady of Shalott is waiting for a prince to come and save her. A bowshot from her bower eaves, /He rode between the barley leaves describes her seeing Lancelot. She climbs down from the tower to ride a boat down to Camelot and (since she is cursed) ages rapidly and dies in the boat- She floated down to Camelot; /And as the boathead wound along /The willowy hills and fields among, /They heard her singing her last song, /The Lady of Shalott. In Ulysses, the persona loves going to battle, it gives him a sense of worth and something to do- And drunk delight of battle with my peers. He wants to go back out and fight, but there are no more wars, and his soul feels younger than his body. We are not now that strength which in old days /Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are- /One equal temper of heroic hearts, /Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will /To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Tennyson had some tragedies in his life, and wrote about them in his poetry. But like all humans there is always hope and optimism that things will change for the better. We will write a custom essay on Tennyson and optimism and despair specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Words / Pages : 256 / 24 . Tennyson and optimism and despair Essay Example For Students Tennyson and optimism and despair Essay I believe that Tennysons works do represent the different positions of optimism and despair. In The Lady of Shalott, she is hoping to get out of the castle, but she dies on the way down. In Ulysses, the two ideas are represented again, but through different ways. The lady in The Lady of Shalott is waiting for a prince to come and save her. A bowshot from her bower eaves, /He rode between the barley leaves describes her seeing Lancelot. She climbs down from the tower to ride a boat down to Camelot and (since she is cursed) ages rapidly and dies in the boat- She floated down to Camelot; /And as the boathead wound along /The willowy hills and fields among, /They heard her singing her last song, /The Lady of Shalott. We will write a custom essay on Tennyson and optimism and despair specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Ulysses, the persona loves going to battle, it gives him a sense of worth and something to do- And drunk delight of battle with my peers. He wants to go back out and fight, but there are no more wars, and his soul feels younger than his body. We are not now that strength which in old days /Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are- /One equal temper of heroic hearts, /Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will /To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Tennyson had some tragedies in his life, and wrote about them in his poetry. But like all humans there is always hope and optimism that things will change for the better. Words/ Pages : 256 / 24 Tennyson and optimism and despair Essay Example For Students Tennyson and optimism and despair Essay I believe that Tennysons works do represent the different positions of optimism and despair. In The Lady of Shalott, she is hoping to get out of the castle, but she dies on the way down. In Ulysses, the two ideas are represented again, but through different ways. The lady in The Lady of Shalott is waiting for a prince to come and save her. A bowshot from her bower eaves, /He rode between the barley leaves describes her seeing Lancelot. She climbs down from the tower to ride a boat down to Camelot and (since she is cursed) ages rapidly and dies in the boat- She floated down to Camelot; /And as the boathead wound along /The willowy hills and fields among, /They heard her singing her last song, /The Lady of Shalott. In Ulysses, the persona loves going to battle, it gives him a sense of worth and something to do- And drunk delight of battle with my peers. He wants to go back out and fight, but there are no more wars, and his soul feels younger than his body. We are not now that strength which in old days /Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are- /One equal temper of heroic hearts, /Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will /To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Tennyson had some tragedies in his life, and wrote about them in his poetry. But like all humans there is always hope and optimism that things will change for the better. We will write a custom essay on Tennyson and optimism and despair specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now .

The Argument Over a Deterministic Universe essays

The Argument Over a Deterministic Universe essays Not only is the argument over a deterministic universe widely debated but it is also one of the most challenging topics to completely prove one way or the other. To follow the pattern of the last few classes, I have slowly become fully chaos literate and I now believe that there is a completely reasonable answer to this baffling confrontation. The universe has been carefully designed and created by an all powerful, all knowing God. Most people today think of chaos as just another word for confusion, and they tend to have a strong dislike for confusion. Thus to them, chaos seems bad. However, there is a subtle difference between chaos and confusion. Confusion suggests a situation where things are jumbled together so that it is difficult to discriminate between the different elements in the mix. Chaos, in its common usage, implies a complete and irremediable lack of organization. Using this definition we can say that confusion can be fixed while chaos is an entity unto itself. James Gleicks book Chaos does a wonderful job of explaining chaos theory. Basically, it is the idea that there are implicit orders hidden throughout disorder. But this is only true in instances like Sierpinskis Triangle if, and only if, you follow rules set up before hand, else the result will truly be chaotic. In Richard Swinburnes book, Is There A God?, he writes, It is extraordinary that there should exist anything at all. Surely the most natural state of affairs is simply nothing: no universe, no God, nothing. But there is something. And so many things. Maybe chance could have thrown up the odd electron. But so many particles! Not everything will have an explanation. But the whole progress of science and all other intellectual enquiry demands that we postulate the smallest number of brute facts. If we can explain the many bits of the universe by one simple being which keeps them in existence, we should do soeven if inevitably we ...

Milgram Experiment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Milgram Experiment - Assignment Example In light of such revelations, the researcher exposes the entire study to some level of inaccuracy since the respondents alter their responses, as human being inherently condition themselves to behave in a certain manner to stimuli. Respondent behavior or operant behavior has widely been studied to reveal that respondents act in a certain way to fit in the expectations following psychological perception of the stimuli. The results obtained in such study must factor in some level of alteration as an assumption since respondent behavior becomes very central to the expected outcomes (McLeod, 2007). The author accounts for a way to deal with the alteration of perceptions using Milgram’s study of obedience where the procedure applied is concealed in form of a deception. McLeod (2007) argues that it is allowed to alter the respondents’ perception on the procedure but not in a material way such that the respondents remain protected in the study. The deception must be kept at its minimum possible level aimed at eliciting the expected results and avoiding alterations from respondents’ perceptions. It therefore means that the ethics can slightly be constricted but the researcher must ensure that it is not materially tampered

Conventional Wars, Rules of Engagement, Chain of Command Essay

Conventional Wars, Rules of Engagement, Chain of Command - Essay Example The implementation of the rule of engagement led him to victories as his attacks were effectively launched. The chain of command broke down responsibilities based on the allocation of specific responsibilities at each position. In addition, each official reported to the one above them (Bevin, 2014). It shows the flow of duties through ranks, from the commander in chief of the armed forces to the individual soldiers in the field. The rules of engagement define the conduct of opposing sides in a war situation Napoleon’s military had individual soldiers in the field who executed decisions made by senior persons in authority. They were the junior most officials of his military. They formed the basis of every attack. Their fundamental task was going out to the battlefield and fighting their opponents. They focused on defeating their enemies in the shortest span of time. The process involved employing tactical methodologies and strategies in launching their attacks to force the opponents do things against their own will. This has always been the fundamental goal of any war (Greene, 2007). The attacks would be organized in troops that had adopted a policy that involved ambushing supply columns. The military had battalion commanders who would execute command from division commanders. The battalion commanders were second lowest in command. They directed orders to the soldiers in the field, who are a fundamental group to any military unit. They would mentor and coach their subordinate staff officers and company commanders. They would be involved in giving morale, enthusiasm in their organizations and training. This would eventually boost their performance at war and consequently lead them to victories. The battalion was capable of independent missions and operations of a specific period of time and scope The military had division commanders who would receive orders from the general. They directed their orders to the battalion commanders. They

Sleep is a facilitator of information processing

Sleep is a facilitator of information processing The human body and mind are constantly subjected to stressors and new stimuli during the course of a day. Sleeping is crucial for coping with such as it nourishes the bodies need for physiological rest and repair after such stress, and also simultaneously facilitates crucial information processing in the mind. In fact, sleep is one of the most essential functions of the human body. The unconscious information processing that takes place during sleep plays a significant role in cognitive information processes such as memory and learning. Essentially, during sleep the mind integrates new information acquired during the previous day into memory and processes it by making necessary connections. The culmination point of these unconscious information processes seems to be in rapid eye movement sleep (REM-sleep) as brain activity is at its height during this phase of sleep. The activation during REM-sleep resembles that of a conscious state. Also, sleep research has shown that the majority of complex dreaming occurs during REM-sleep (Revonsuo, 1996, 277). However, the exact function of dreams is unknown. Even so, dreams are often a repetition of influential experiences and feelings from the previous day and therefore seem to be linked to information processing that takes place (Partinen, 2007, 18). Consequently, it would seem safe to conclude that REM-sleep has some role in unconscious information processing. Yet, there is a great amount of controversy within the scientific and psychological community regarding the role of REM-sleep in cognitive information processing. One view suggests that REM-sleep is merely a mechanism used by the brain to assist in recovery from sleep by retaining necessary activation levels in the central nervous system (Vertes, 2000, 876), whereas others find that REM-sleep is clearly connected to information processes such as learning, threat-response and problem solving. Hence, the focus of this essay is to investigate the relationship between REM-sleep and cognitive information processes. The research question of this essay is: To what extent does REM-sleep entail cognitive information processing? 1.1 Phases of sleep Sleep can be divided into REM-sleep and four phases of non-REM sleep (NREM). The first and second phases of NREM are the closest to a fully awake state, and the third and the fourth phases are the least conscious phases of deep sleep. It is hypothesised that NREM-sleep is in fact the restoring phase of sleep as metabolism is comparatively low in NREM-sleep in comparison to a conscious state (Revonsuo, 1996, 277). Interestingly, there is relatively little brain activation in NREM-sleep, actually sleep research has shown that there are often only simple dreamlike experiences in NREM-sleep and sometimes more complicated dream experiences. In fact, over half of the participants in dream researches, awoken in the deepest phases of NREM-sleep do not recall any dreams. Moreover, in between these phases of NREM-sleep there are several phases of REM-sleep. Brain activation in these phases resembles that of a conscious state i.e. high frequency beta and gamma waves similar to those found in a conscious state of mind are visible in EEG scans of sleep research participants during REM-phase sleep. Furthermore, participants woken from REM-sleep almost always recall event rich dreams (Revonsuo, 1996, 277). However, sleep research can only reach so far in terms of understanding the processing that takes place in sleep. Data is usually obtained through either physiological measurements or dream journals (Hobs on, 2002, 7). This significantly affects the depth of the scientific understanding that can be gained. As physiological measurements tend to be quite superficial, whereas journals are often either incomplete or lacking in objectivity. In any case, there seems to be a large amount of information processing that takes place unconsciously. The difference between NREM-sleep and REM-sleep can be attributed to the type of information processing that takes place. It is thought that NREM-sleep involves relatively passive encoding of memories from the hippocampus to long-term memory. On the contrary, REM-sleep is thought to involve processing of procedural and emotional memory, which shows in dream content and vibrancy (Partinen, 2007, 40). It might be the case that dreams are not present at all in deeper NREM-sleep as the brain activity is relatively low. Information processing Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding the how the mind processes information. Behaviourism Cognitive psychology is concerned with information processes in the mind such as memory, learning, problem solving, and perception (Bourne, 1986, 30). Even so, cognitive psychologists have only recently have come to accept the importance of unconscious processes, namely the importance of sleep time unconscious processes for cognitive information processing (Shevrin, 1996, 2). In reality, cognitive information processing takes a relatively long time. Essentially, for any new information to have an effect on the human mind the information needs to first be perceived by the sensory system; eyes, ears, or the skin. Some type of change has to be first registered and only then can any further information processing take place. This further processing can happen immediately, but it is more often than not the case that the stimulus is gone before any conclusions can be drawn (Bourne, 1986, 12). Therefore, memory plays a key role in information processing as we often have to rely on it to draw any conclusions. The multi-store memory model suggested by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 gives a relatively accurate model of cognitive information processing. It suggests that memory can be split into three phases sensory, short-term memory, and long-term-memory. Information moves between the different types of memory through rehearsal and retrieval. However, the model has been subjected to critique over being too simplistic in terms of transfer between the different types of memory. In fact, the model relies solely on rehearsal as a means of transfer ignoring the importance of effort and strategies used by an individual (Hill, 2001, 106). In particular, the multi-store memory model works on the principal that information is processed as it is given attention to. Naturally, as new stimulus are constantly entering the mind and the sensory organs, while in a conscious state of mind, the mind can only give attention to so many things and is often preoccupied in the processing and storing of new more prominent information. Therefore, it would seem logical that as there is little time during the conscious period to process all the information entering the brain during the day, that is most information processing actually happens during some other time, namely during sleep. Theories of dream function Dream research is essential to the study of sleep time unconscious information processes as it provides a view into any processing that takes place during sleep. However, the exact function of dreams is difficult to determine. Some psychologists and the general public alike would like to think that dreams are meaningful in themselves. Conversely, the activation synthesis dream hypothesis suggests that dreams might just be derivatives of the neuron activation during sleep (Hobson, 2002, 71). Either way dreams appear to be of significance in terms of study of REM-sleep information processing, since dream-experiences are most common in REM-sleep (Revonsuo, 1996, 277). The psychoanalytic level of analysis is largely based around Freuds theory of personality and dream theory. The primary theory on dream function presented by Freud was that of wish fulfilment i.e. dreams are disguised expressions of unconscious desires and impulses (Tulonen, 2008, 56). However, Freuds theory is largely without empirical evidence as it is based on case studies that he conducted himself, in spite of this, his theory seems to suggest that dreams have a meaningful content and therefore there is some type of information processing that occurs during sleep. However, perhaps the most widely accepted theory is the reprogramming dream theory. The proposal made is that dreams are necessary for the brain to process new information and make necessary connections. The brain also works to remove any excess unnecessary information from memory during dreams (Tulonen, 2008, 55). This theory also supports the idea that there is information processing during sleep and more specifically during the REM-phase of sleep. Information processing during REM-sleep Learning processes in REM-sleep Learning is undoubtedly one of the most important cognitive information processes as it entails a number of other information processes e.g. perception, problem solving, and memory. Learning can take place through a number of pathways and constitute anything from a simple learned motor function to understanding of abstract scientific concepts. Therefore, a distinction should be made between repetitive learned motor function and information that is consciously and deliberately learned, understood, and stored in memory i.e. factual or semantic information. That is, procedural and declarative memory respectively. More in depth, learning is a compilation of different cognitive processes i.e. perception, memory, and problem solving. There are a number of models that conceptualise the learning process. For instance, David Kolbs experiential learning model identifies four stages of the learning cycle: concrete experimentation, reflection, abstract conceptualisation, and active experimentation. Concrete- and active experimentation involve learning from experience, whereas reflection and abstract conceptualisation involve inferring based on memory of past experience (Kolb in Sternberg, 2000, 227). The reprogramming theory of sleep suggests that different phases of sleep are of central importance for processing and interconnecting of memories i.e. reflection and abstract conceptualisation, and therefore achieving learning (Tulonen, 2008, 55). 2.1.1 Early brain development REM-sleep information processing is central to learning and development from the very onset of brain activity in a foetus. The human foetus spends around 16 hours a day in rapid-eye movement sleep. This is necessary for brain growth as REM-sleep involves high brain activity and continuous neuron stimulation creating new links in the cortex (Hobson, 2002, 76). Furthermore, a similar phenomenon is also present after birth, that is, the amount of REM sleep for an infant is unusually large; around 8 hours whereas by adulthood this declines to at most 2 hours per night (Partinen, 2007, 43). Majid Mirmiran conducted an experiment on the functional significance of REM-sleep in relation to infant rat development, which showed how essential REM-sleep is for early development. In the study infant rats were deprived of REM-sleep by interfering with monoamines in the brain from 1 week of age to 3 weeks of age. The rats were then tested as adults and compared with normal rats. Unsurprisingly the rats were severely affected and the findings showed that the deprived rats had hyperactivity, hyperanxiety, attentional distractability, reduced sexual performance, and reduced cerebral cortical size in comparison to control rats (Mirmiran, 1986, 283). Without a doubt the findings are limited in how much they can be generalized to human infants and foetuses. However, the same research could not have been carried out on human infants without raising serious ethical issues. In any case, the research clearly exemplifies the importance of REM-sleep for brain development in early life of a m ammal. 2.1.2 Memory consolidation Not only is REM-sleep necessary for infant development and learning, but its also essential in learning new skills regardless of age. For instance, visual recognition of different objects is a process that is learned from very early on in life. The importance of REM-sleep for forming procedural memories necessary for learning a visual recognition task is illustrated by a study conducted by Karni et al. on sleep deprivation. The study showed that performance in a given visual discrimination task improved significantly over a single night of sleep, whereas when participants were selectively deprived REM-sleep there was no significant performance gain. Moreover, when participants were deprived of NREM-sleep the performance gain remained unaffected (Karni, 1994, 679). The reliability of Karnis study is relatively high as it demonstrates that the given task is unaffected by NREM deprivation and will improve over a single nights sleep, whereas other studies are not as clear and may have been affected by the stressfulness of the sleep deprivation procedure. Furthermore, Stickgold et al. attained similar results in a more recent study on visual discrimination and REM-deprivation (Stickgold, 2000, 1237). In any case, sleep deprivation is a very stressful procedure and has a great impact on the validity of any research. However, REM-sleep seems to be clearly important for developing of procedural memory. The significance of REM-sleep for developing procedural memory and visual recognition skills may be one reason for unusually large amounts of REM-sleep in infancy. It may even be the case that without REM-sleep an infant may be unable to develop a consciousness and perceptual and motor skills. However, currently there is little evidence available for su ch. Conversely, there are several researches that refute the role of REM-sleep in procedural memory consolidation. For instance, a recent research conducted by Genzel et al. on REM-sleep and slow-wave NREM-sleep deprivation showed that neither procedural memory nor declarative memory seems to be affected by REM-sleep or deep NREM-sleep awakenings. However, the task used to test procedural memory was a motor task requiring finger tapping, whereas declarative memory was tested by recall of word lists. It may be possible that different types of memory are processed in different phases of sleeps. In fact, the conclusion reached by the researchers is that declarative memory consolidation takes place in stage two NREM-sleep and that simple motor tasks are processed in stage two NREM-sleep or require very little REM-sleep (Genzel, 2009, 302-304). However, the sample size was relatively small in this research (n=12) so further research is necessary to establish any firm conclusions on declarativ e memory consolidation. The role of sleep in declarative memory consolidation was first demonstrated by Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924). The participants of the experiment were asked to learn non-sense syllable lists after which they either went to sleep or continued awake. Recall was then tested at one hour intervals. When the results for the sleeping condition were compared with the waking condition it was found that after eight hours; 6 times more non-sense syllables were remembered in the sleeping condition (Jenkins in Bourne, 1986, 104). However, the sample consisted of only two participants so the findings are very limited in how much they can be generalised. Nevertheless, further research into the area has shown that at least some consolidation of declarative memories takes place in sleep, namely in phase slow wave NREM-sleep (Stickgold, 2005, 1275). However, REM-sleep seems to be of little importance to declarative memory consolidation. Cohen even (1979) went as far as to claim that the dreaming that takes place in REM-sleep interferes with memory consolidation (Cohen in Bourne, 1986, 105). However, the sleep phase in which memories are consolidated does not only depend on the type of memory i.e. declarative or procedural, but also it seems to be dependent on emotional content. As mentioned earlier, REM-sleep seems to be related to processing of emotional memories (Partinen, 2007, 40). That is, if a memory has emotional context then it is likely that it is processed in REM-sleep. For example, a study conducted by Wagner et al. gave clear empirical support for processing of emotional declarative memories in REM-sleep. The study showed that retention of emotional texts was significantly improved in comparison neutral texts over a period of late-night sleep. Similar effects were not found in early-night sleep, which consists mainly of NREM-sleep, whereas, in late night-sleep REM is predominant. In fact, earlier studies have shown that REM-sleep shows increased activation of the amygdala, which is associated with processing of emotional memories (Wagner, 2001, 112-113). Wha ts more, is that the study avoids adverse effects of deprivation and is therefore more reliable than studies conducted using sleep deprivation. In other words, REM-sleep is of some importance in terms of processing of emotional content even though other studies have shown that REM-sleep is not significantly involved in consolidation of non-emotional declarative memories. Creative problem solving in REM-sleep Problem solving in relation to REM-sleep, anagram problem solving Walker MP, Liston C, Hobson JA, Stickgold R. (2002). http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090608182421.htm creative problem solving enhanced by REM Dreams as information processing vessels Dreams are often considered to be deficient of cognitive activity; however, several studies have shown that this is not necessarily true. The threat simulation dream theory presented by Antti Revonsuo suggests that evolutionary success depends on successful threat response, which is rehearsed in the relative safety of dreams. Revonsuo suggests that the mind actively generates dreams, which are comprised of threatening events in different combinations. These dreams are often repeated over several nights in order to develop and maintain threat response capabilities (Revonsuo, 2000, 482). Empirical support for the threat simulation dream theory comes from dream content analysis studies. For instance, a study conducted by Valli et al. found that threatening events are overrepresented in dreams in comparison to actual number of threatening events experienced when awake. Also, the events experienced in dreams were often very realistic and focused on to the dream self i.e. the self is often actively engaged in combating these threatening events in the dreams (Valli, 2000, 491). Clearly, if dreams are merely a repercussion of neuron activation during REM-sleep, as suggested by the activation-synthesis hypothesis, then its quite likely that dream content would be disorganized and incoherent. Conversely, Vallis content analysis suggests that the mind actively engages in coherent rehearsal of threat response. However, the study was conducted by a dream journal method, where the participants record their own dreams after a night of sleep. This raises questions of validity and objectivity. Even so, the study not only indicates that there is clear support for Revonsuos threat simulation theory, but it also indicates that the mind processes information through dreams in REM-sleep. Furthermore, there is evidence that during dreams the mind engages actively engages in self-reflection i.e. becomes aware of ones own thoughts and actions. Research has shown this to be beneficial to mental health. For example, recently Kontkanen showed that dreaming is helpful in trauma coping for children. Kontkanen conducted a dream content analysis on traumatised Palestinian children aged 5-17 and children, of the same age, living in normal conditions. High levels of self-reflection and self-awareness were found to be beneficial to the mental health of the traumatised Palestinian children. In the control group high levels of self-reflection in dreams were found to be dysfunctional. However, several individual with high levels of self-reflection in the control group, conversely, showed symptoms of poor mental health. Consequently, Kontkanen suggests that self-reflection processing in dreams should increase and diminish according to need in order to maintain good mental health (Kon tkanen, 2000, 523-524). Surely, the dream journal method used in the study has its limitations and there is also doubt whether results gathered from children can be generalised to adults as such processing might also be attributed to development. Nevertheless, the study points at the necessity of dreams in cognitive information processing and mental health. Conclusions Draw conclusions based on presented evidence, on how necessary is REM-sleep for cognitive information processing.

News And Newspapers -- essays research papers

News and Newspapers News is simply delineated as â€Å"a report of a recent event; something one has not heard of before†(Websters, 282). Conceding that it is inelaborate in its definition, news is much more intricate as it succumbs to corporate moneymaking ideologies. The corporate essence of news is prevalent in the form of the newspaper â€Å"a paper published periodically for circulating news† that is sold therefore making news a business. In business the saying goes that the customer is always right making news subject to the demands of these consumers. The underlying purpose of news is to â€Å"provide facts upon which decisions are based† (Mencher, 56). Yet this purpose is tainted to accommodate the newspapers need to sell papers. Journalism is the work of gathering news, therefore making the journalist succumb to the corporate needs of the newspaper. The three major newspapers of Toronto (Toronto Sun, Toronto Star and The Globe & Mail) discord in their journalistic techniques for the purpose of selling their produc t. "News is more often made rather than gathered. And it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks is important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important" (Postman, 14). The Toronto Sun focuses on the audience that yearns for entertainment and adjuts its word selection and choice of articles to accommodate this need for entertainment. The glitz and glamour of today's celebrities provide a fantasy world in which the reader can escape. The Toronto Sun leaves no stone uncovered as it stays on top of celebrity issues to accommodate their audience ‘ the average Joe' with entertainment. â€Å"Michael Jackson's wife gave birth to a baby boy yesterday at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center† (T.Sun Feb. 18/97) in the article titled Oh Baby, Jacko to be a dad soon. What makes this article more ominous than any other birth other than that it is entertaining to the star crazed general public? Hundreds Get To Eye Claudia the so called 'superbabe' as she â€Å"breezes her way into The Bay's downtown Yonge St. Store†(T. Sun Feb. 25/97). â€Å"Up to five hundred people waited for up to two hours for a glimpse of the famed beauty and to hear her speak†(T. Sun Feb. 25/97). Imagine how many looked in the Sun for the article. The article choices of the Sun have a direct affiliation to the need for it as a business to p... ...article Hospital's Blood Stock Almost Exhausted contains human interest through its ability to show the community working together â€Å"Although other hospital blood banks were also short of blood, the Toronto Hospital and St. Michael's Hospital agreed to send blood to Sunnybrook by taxi if needed† (T. Star April 2/97). The aspect of community togetherness provokes human interest and complies with the Star's general theme of family. The Globe and Mail article Toronto Desperate For Blood roused human interest thorough community togetherness â€Å"in case the patient required more blood than was on hand the hospital contacted the Red Cross society and two other hospitals to ensure a continued supply." This articles illustration of human interest is moderated through the exclusion of the agreement of the two hospital's to provide more blood even though they were low. Instead the article stuck strictly to the facts that the Globe's readers pay for. Realistically, the sale of newspapers is the primary objective of the journalist illustrated through their use of techniques. Journalistic content and techniques vary according to the audience towards which the newspaper directs its attention.

Core Mountain Man Brewing Company Bringing the Brand

Core Marketing Mountain Man Brewing Company Bringing the Brand to Light 1. Overview Mountain Man Brewing Company (MMBC, or the Client) is a family-run business in West Virginia that has experienced much growth since launching its flagship premium beer Mountain Man Lager (MMB) in 1925. Over the decades, brand loyalty, quality and brand awareness have been the cornerstones of the Client’s success – the importance of the MMBC brand among consumers has allowed the company to build its small but consistent market share in the East Central region (ECR), particularly in its home state, the only region it distributes in (7. % of the market with more than 50 million USD in revenue). 2. Challenges & Opportunities * Challenges MMBC currently faces a potentially identity-changing challenge: The traditional premium beer market has been declining at a compound annual rate of 4%, and MMB experienced a 2% decrease in revenue last year, the first drop in its entire history; accordingly, MMBC’s target aim is to recover from the 2% decrease in revenue that occurred in the prior year. * OpportunitiesThe light beer market – popular with younger drinkers – has also been growing at a CAGR of 4%. Although MMBC has been historically weak in the 35-years-and-under segment, there is opportunity to generate more sales by releasing a new Mountain Man Light Beer (MML) line to target this younger market. However, there is the risk of negatively impacting their current distribution of MMB through shelf-space cannibalization and higher costs; as well as the risk of alienating their core segment of older, blue-collar drinkers. . Analysis MMBC faces potentially losing more revenue at the current forecasted compound annual decrease rate of 2% – the projected decrease for MMB standalone in year-to-year net revenue from actual 520,000 barrels sold in 2005 (USD 50. 4 m) to 470,039 barrels (approximately USD 45. 6 m) by 2010 totals nearly 10% (see Exhibit 1). According to the key age demographics among beer drinkers, MMB’s customer segmentation is currently as follows: 64% for 45 years and up, and only 17% for 35 years and under.Yet the ECR breakdown for consumption by beer type is the opposite: 50. 4% for light and only 19. 7% for premium. Due to the overwhelming potential in the light beer market, we have prepared projections on growth in revenues and expenses for MMBC should they decide to move forward with brewing Mountain Man Light (see Exhibit 2A, 2B). * Making Mountain Man Lighter (and More Profitable) Considerations have been made regarding MMB remaining as a stand-alone product (again, see Exhibit 1).However, per the Client’s instructions, this report will focus on projected performance examining MMBC’s entry into the light beer market at their expected MMB reduction rate of 20%. According to our analysis, MML would still result in a significant increase in revenue within two years: With the new product mix , net income margin increases from an insignificant 0. 88% in MML’s first year to a robust 3. 7% by its second year (2007), even with considerations on the additional expenses that would go into launching a new product – manufacturing, advertising, general operating (see Exhibit 2A). Additionally, the projected MMB+MML sales volume after only two years would nearly match MMBC’s current volume level – 500,895 barrels to 520,000 – and would eventually overtake the 2005 figure in 2008; while standalone figures show a continuous decrease from the 2005 benchmark and eventually fall behind MML sales by 2011 (Exhibit 3). * Issues to Consider The forecast for MMB +MML sales are promising.However, JAFREM must note significant issues to consider with the presented data: 1) Due to limited sales volume for the first six years, impact on COGS has not been taken into consideration; should the current production capacity levels be exceeded, additional inputs rega rding CAPEX (for example, for new plants) will be necessary. 2) With the forecasted MML growth rate, the Client’s market share in the ERC amounts to 1. 5% after five years; MMB has not achieved this level after more than 50 years in the business and so considerations on the MMB reduction rate have also been provided (Exhibit 2B). 4. RecommendationsLight beer is an attractive proposition for MMBC, especially with the decrease in the premium beer segment. Accordingly, ignoring the dynamic growth in the light segment is simply too much of an opportunity to let pass. In order to reduce the risks that come with launching MML (alienating core customers, promoting a failed product), we recommends the following measures: * To avoid losing brand equity at the consumer level for MMB, pilot the MML launch outside West Virginia, as this is MMBC’s strongest and most loyal market; should the testing prove successful, then consideration can be made on moving into West Virginia. Shoul d the MML growth forecast not be realized after two years, return focus to MMB distribution at a national level; while advertising and sales at the grass roots level has been good for MMBC, there has been no attempt to reach a larger marketing through the traditional channel of television media. * Despite the expected decrease in the premium beer market, MMB still has potential to capture more market share by expanding its advertising activities and consumer base outside the ERC. Exhibit 1 – Lager Standalone Projections MMB Standalone (next five years)Â  | | 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| Barrels| 520,000| 509,600| 499,408| 489,420| 479,631| 470,039| Price per Barrel| $97. 00| $97. 00| $97. 00| $97. 00| $97. 00| $97. 00| Net Revenue| 50,440,000| 49,431,200| 48,442,576| 47,473,724| 46,524,250| 45,593,765| COGS| 34,803,600| 34,107,528| 33,425,377| 32,756,870| 32,101,732| 31,459,698| Gross Margin| 15,636,400| 15,323,672| 15,017,199| 14,716,855| 14,422,517| 14,134,067| SG&A | 9,583,600| 9,583,600| 9,583,600| 9,583,600| 9,583,600| 9,583,600| Other Op. Exp. 1,412,320| 1,412,320| 1,412,320| 1,412,320| 1,412,320| 1,412,320| Operating Margin| 4,640,480| 4,327,752| 4,021,279| 3,720,935| 3,426,597| 3,138,147| Other Income| 151,320| 151,320| 151,320| 151,320| 151,320| 151,320| Net Income before Tax| 4,791,800| 4,479,072| 4,172,599| 3,872,255| 3,577,917| 3,289,467| Prov. Income Tax| 1,677,130| 1,567,675| 1,460,409| 1,355,289| 1,252,271| 1,151,314| Net Income After Tax| 3,114,670| 2,911,397| 2,712,189| 2,516,965| 2,325,646| 2,138,154| Net Present Value| 3,114,670| 2,599,461| 2,162,141| 1,791,526| 1,477,990| 1,213,246|Exhibit 2A – MMB + MML Projections | 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| MML Barrels| 0| 48Â  735| 101Â  369| 158Â  136| 219Â  282| 285Â  066| 355Â  763| MMB Barrels| 520Â  000| 407Â  680| 399Â  526| 391Â  536| 383Â  705| 376Â  031| 368Â  510| Growth%| Â  | -12%| 10%| 10%| 10%| 10%| 10%| Price per Barrel| $97| $97| $97| $9 7| $97| $97| $97| Net Revenue| 50Â  440Â  000| 44Â  272Â  273| 48Â  586Â  872| 53Â  318Â  166| 58Â  489Â  738| 64Â  126Â  451| 70Â  254Â  508| COGS| 34Â  803Â  600| 30Â  776Â  437| 34Â  000Â  363| 37Â  531Â  192| 41Â  386Â  351| 45Â  584Â  213| 50Â  144Â  138| COGS/Revenue| 69. 00%| 69. 52%| 69. 98%| 70. 39%| 70. 6%| 71. 08%| 71. 37%| Gross Margin| 15Â  636Â  400| 13Â  495Â  837| 14Â  586Â  509| 15Â  786Â  974| 17Â  103Â  387| 18Â  542Â  239| 20Â  110Â  370| SG&A| 9Â  583Â  600| 11Â  233Â  600| 10Â  483Â  600| 10Â  483Â  600| 10Â  483Â  600| 10Â  483Â  600| 10Â  483Â  600| Other Op. Expenses2| 1Â  412Â  320| 1Â  412Â  320| 1Â  412Â  320| 1Â  412Â  320| 1Â  412Â  320| 1Â  412Â  320| 1Â  412Â  320| MML, Extra Ad Expenses| 0| 400Â  000| 400Â  000| 400Â  000| 400Â  000| 400Â  000| 400Â  000| Op. Expenses| 10Â  995Â  920| 13Â  045Â  920| 12Â  295Â  920| 12Â  295Â  920| 12Â  295Â  920| 12Â  295Â  920| 12Â  295Â  920| %| Â  | 18. 64%| -5. 75%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| 0. 00%| Op.Profit| 4Â  640Â  480| 449Â  917| 2Â  290Â  589| 3Â  491Â  054| 4Â  807Â  467| 6Â  246Â  319| 7Â  814Â  450| Op. Margin| Â  | -90. 30%| 409. 11%| 52. 41%| 37. 71%| 29. 93%| 25. 10%| Other Income| 151Â  320| 151Â  320| 151Â  320| 151Â  320| 151Â  320| 151Â  320| 151Â  320| Net Income before Tax| 4Â  791Â  800| 601Â  237| 2Â  441Â  909| 3Â  642Â  374| 4Â  958Â  787| 6Â  397Â  639| 7Â  965Â  770| Prov. Income Tax| 1Â  677Â  130| 210Â  433| 854Â  668| 1Â  274Â  831| 1Â  735Â  575| 2Â  239Â  173| 2Â  788Â  019| Net Income After Tax| 3Â  114Â  670| 390Â  804| 1Â  587Â  241| 2Â  367Â  543| 3Â  223Â  212| 4Â  158Â  465| 5Â  177Â  750| Net Income Margin| 6. 18%| 0. 88%| 3. 27%| 4. 44%| 5. 51%| 6. 48%| 7. 7%| NPV| 3Â  114Â  670| 348Â  932| 1Â  265Â  339| 1Â  685Â  170| 2Â  048Â  409| 2Â  359Â  625| 2Â  623Â  209| Exhibit 2B – Inputs & S tress Test Results Inputs| | Stress scenario| MMB, Avg. Market Share Growth| 0. 25%| | Year| MML, Avg. Market Share Growth| Reduction Rate| MMB, Var. Cost per Barrel| 66. 93| | 2006| 0. 04%| 30. 19%| MML, Var. Cost per Barrel| 4. 69| | 2010| 0. 28%| 17. 28%| Reduction Rate| 20%| | 2011| 0. 23%| 21. 80%| Discount Rate| 12%| | | | | MMB, Growth Rate| -2%| | | | | Price per Barrel | $97| | | | | MMB, Extra Ad Expenses| $0| | | | | MML Growth Rate| 2%| | | | | MML, SG&A in 2006| $900,000| | | | |MML, SG&A Extra Launch| $750,000| | | | | Exhibit 3 – MMB (stand alone) vs. MMB + MML ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Forecast prepared according to the 2% compound annual decrease rate provided by the Client [ 2 ]. SG&A and Other Operating Expenses are quantity independent in the consider range of production. [ 3 ]. The Stress Scenarios included in this Exhibit denote the maximum reduction rat e possible in order to achieve the target market growth desired by the Client should they move ahead with MML; in order to remain profitable, these are the reduction rate ceilings.