With reference to the case law on direct effect, critically discuss the extent to which this concept (direct effect) is an effective means of protecting an individual’s European Union Law rights. The WritePass Journal

With reference to the case law on direct effect, critically discuss the extent to which this concept (direct effect) is an effective means of protecting an individual’s European Union Law rights. Introduction With reference to the case law on direct effect, critically discuss the extent to which this concept (direct effect) is an effective means of protecting an individual’s European Union Law rights. ). John Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (Pearson Education, 2010). Lorna Woods and Phillipa Watson, Textbook on EU Law, (12th Edn, Oxford University Press, 2014). Nigel Foster, Foster on EU Law (OUP Oxford 2011) 219. Online Journal Articles Gwyn Tovey, European Union Law (2011) EU Law and National Law, topnotes.org/EU-3-1-Direct%20Effect-2010-2011.pdf accessed 02 December 2014. Parliament, Parliamentary Sovereignty (UK Parliament) parliament.uk/about/how/sovereignty/ accessed 01 December 2014 Case Law Defrenne v SABENA Case 2/74 [1974] ECR 631 Grad v Finanzamt Traunstein Case 9/70, [1970] ECR 825 Faccini Dori v Recreb Srl Case 91/92 [1995] All ER (EC) 1 Kà ¼cà ¼kdeveci v Swedex GmbH Co KG [2010] All ER (EC) 867) Mangold v Helm [2006] All ER (EC) 383 Marshall v Southampton and South-West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) [1986] ECR 723 Nicole Vaneetveld v Le Foyer SA Case 316/93, [1994] ECR 1-793 290 Pubblico Ministero v Ratt Case 148/78, [1979] ECR 1629 Re Honeywell [2011] 1 CMLR 1067 Van Gend en Loos v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration [1963] ECR 1